Stress is a nonspecific reaction that is caused by various stressors and threatens one's physical and mental health. One of the most important sources of stress in every person's life is their job and career [1, 2]. In fact, job stress is a process that results in a confluence with the person and the workplace. Psychological factors of workplace and occupational stress, unlike other harmful factors in the workplace, are not specific to the job, and in all occupations, in various forms and degrees exist [3]. The International Institute for Occupational Safety and Health defines occupational stress as a harmful physical and psychological response that occurs due to a lack of coordination of job requirements with the abilities, support resources, and needs of the employed person [4]. In 1992, the United Nations declared occupational stress as a disease of the 20th century. The International Labor Organization estimates the costs to countries due to job stress to be 1 to 3.5% of GDP [5, 6]. The Health and Safety Executive in the 2007 to 2009 estimated more than 13.5 million working days and more than £ 4 million annually due to occupational stress injuries [7]. The American Institute of Stress has identified stress as the leading cause of 80% of injuries and the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) has identified stress as the second leading cause of work absenteeism [8]. According to statistics from international organizations and studies, experiencing stress can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health (such as hypertension, heart attacks, depression and anxiety) [9-11]. A number of studies have shown that stress can also cause musculoskeletal disorders [12, 13]. Numerous studies have shown the role of occupational stress in the onset of illness symptoms, labor displacement, and early retirement [13, 14]. also, people who are more affected by occupational stress are also more likely to suffer from work-related accidents and illnesses and to have lower physical and mental health and quality of life [15-18]. based on the above, the World Health Organization has estimated that mental illness, including stress, will be the second leading cause of disability by 2020, according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) index.

According to statistics provided by the officials of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the death rate from work is shown in Table 1.

On average, 2.2 people die each day from work-related accidents, and at least 6 times as many as those from work-related illnesses. the direct compensation to those affected by the work done by the Social Security Organization in 2016 was 580 billion tomans (4% of GDP). according to international organizations, the average cost of illness and work-related accidents in countries is on average 4 to 6%. pursuant to Article 85 of the Labor Code and the promotion of safety in workplaces subject to the Labor Law and systematically employing qualified persons in the field of safety and the prevention of work-related accidents and for the protection of the country's human and material resources. Published in the Official Gazette on May 19, 2015 by the Order of the Minister of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare. and in accordance with Article 95 of the Labor Code, the employer or officials of the industrial units referred to in Article 85 of the Labor Code shall be responsible for enforcing the technical and occupational health and safety regulations, and whenever an accident occurs due to failure to comply with these regulations by the employer or authorities, the employer is responsible for the criminal and legal as well as the penalties provided for in this law. According to the above description, industry safety authorities should identify and control the harmful factors that lead to work-related illnesses and accidents. on the other hand, the existing laws and penalties make safety officers more vulnerable to job stress on a daily basis. in this study, we have thoroughly investigated the subject and factors leading to stress.

This study was a descriptive-analytical study in 2016. The target population of this study included 33 safety officials working in Alborz industries. a questionnaire developed by the British Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the late 1990s was used to measure stress levels and factors.

The HSE Occupational Stress Questionnaire consists of 7 elements:

The questionnaire included a five-point Likert scale (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always) rated on a scale of 1 to 5, and a high score on this questionnaire indicates less occupational stress [19, 20]. Given the strong correlation between the factors extracted from factor analysis (0.92 role domains, 0.73 relationship, 0.75 authority support, 0.63 coworkers support, 0.87 control, 0.85 demand, and 0.22 variations), Cronbach's alpha 0.78 and split-half method 0.65. therefore, it has good validity and reliability for assessing job stress [21]. after assuring the reliability and validity of the questionnaire and justification and initial training to 33 safety officials, the questionnaire was distributed among the above individuals without inserting a name (so that people could answer the questions calmly and honestly). then questionnaires were collected and analyzed.

The results of the questionnaire were determined by 33 Alborz County Safety Officers (19 men and 14 women) with a work experience of 5.93±3.99, that, the most important stressors for safety officials are: 1) 8 items related to demand (including expectations of different working groups, high workloads, lack of time to rest), 2) 2 items related to relationships (tolerance of ugly words and misconduct, tension between colleagues), 3) 1 item related to manager support (working time constant) and 4) 1 items related to change (workplace relationships are tense). frequency distribution of participants' questions in figure 1 were presented.

Frequency distribution of 7 domains in figure 2 and figure 3 also indicate the non-response of participants to the number and percentage of questions were presented

As noted, the most important stressors in workplace of safety authorities are the expectations of different working groups, the pressure and overload, lack of time to rest, tolerance of ugly words and the inappropriate behavior of others, tension between colleagues, constant working time and tension in working relationships. so, it is therefore recommended that the following be implemented.

It is noteworthy in this study that, after completing the study and monitoring the health of the study participants, over a period of 17 months, one of the study participants (with over 25 years’ experience in the field of safety and health (Behvarz and Behgar) Who worked at a high-risk company.) Heart disease led to heart surgery. this confirms the results of various studies suggesting a direct relationship between stress and heart disease [9-11, 22-24].

The questionnaire was designed to allow people to report problems in the workplace as much as possible, therefore, a number of people are also responsible for identifying, assessing and confronting fire risks. and on the other hand, as recently as the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the fire service has been classified as a hazardous occupation, so, this is another stressor in the workplace. This result is consistent with the results of studies in this area [25, 26]. It is recommended that this study be repeated, and given that 14 people in the study are women, it can be speculated that they will be exposed to cancer in the future due to the stress and pressure of job (especially breast cancer that is very common among women). because the study by Shriak et al. (2018) has clearly confirmed that stress in daily life increases the likelihood of breast cancer in women [27]. In the study of Smith et al. (2010), the relationship between chronic stress as a psychosocial factor and cancer progression was examined and clearly a direct relationship between them was presented. The only major point is that chronic stress, depression and social isolation have been reported and proven to be the cause of cancer progression for a long time (Studies over the past 40 years), and the only unresolved issue is whether or not stress causes cancer, so, with the above explanations, preventing stress is essential for the progression of diseases and cancers [14, 28-31].

2. Hazavehei MM, Moghimbeigi A, Hamidi Y. Assessing stress level and stress management among Hamadan hospital nurses based on precede model. The horizon of medical sciences. 2012;18(2):78-85.

3. Oosthuizen RM, Koortzen P. An empirical investigation of job and family stressors amongst firefighters in the South African context. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 2007;33(1):49-58.

4. Park J. Work stress and job performance: Statistics Canada Ottawa, Canada; 2007.

5. Birmes PJ, Brunet A, Coppin-Calmes D, Arbus C, Coppin D, Charlet J-P, et al. Symptoms of peritraumatic and acute traumatic stress among victims of an industrial disaster. Psychiatric services. 2005;56(1):93-5.

6. Tangri R. Stress costs, stress cures: Trafford Publishing; 2003.

7. Kerr R, McHugh M, McCrory M. HSE Management Standards and stress-related work outcomes. Occupational medicine. 2009;59(8):574-9.

8. Tangri R. What stress costs. Halifax: Chrysalis performance strategies inc. 2003.

9. Caulfield N, Chang D, Dollard MF, Elshaug C. A Review of Occupational Stress Interventions in Australia. International Journal of stress management. 2004;11(2):149.

10. AbuAlRub RF. Job stress, job performance, and social support among hospital nurses. Journal of nursing scholarship. 2004;36(1):73-8.

11. Kang MG, Koh SB, Cha BS, Park JK, Baik SK, Chang SJ. Job stress and cardiovascular risk factors in male workers. Preventive medicine. 2005;40(5):583-8.

12. Carayon P, Smith MJ, Haims MC. Work organization, job stress, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Human factors. 1999;41(4):644-63.

13. Yari S, Fallahasadi A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS OF WORKERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BMI IN A PAPER MAKING INDUSTRY IN 2015.

14. Normohammadi M, Asadi AF. Job Stress and Safety Climate in Cancer Treatment Centers: Upgraded Model for Dimensions. Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer. 2018;1(2).

15. Yari S, Naseri MH, Akbari H, Shahsavari S, Akbari H. Interaction of Safety Climate and Safety Culture: A Model for Cancer Treatment Centers. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2007;20(3):961-9.

16. Monfared M, Yari S, Jafari M, Maher A. The relationship between safety management and patient safety culture in Cancer Treatment Centers. Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer. 2019;2(1).

17. PIEPER C, LaCroix AZ, Karasek RA. The relation of psychosocial dimensions of work with coronary heart disease risk factors: a meta-analysis of five United States data bases. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1989;129(3):483-94.

18. Karasek R. Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. Health work. 1990.

19. Cousins* R, Mackay CJ, Clarke SD, Kelly C, Kelly PJ, McCaig RH. ‘Management standards’ work-related stress in the UK: Practical development. Work & Stress. 2004;18(2):113-36.

20. Mackay C, Palferman D, Saul H, Webster S, Packham C. 14 Implementation of the Management Standards for work-related stress in Great Britain1. Improving Organizational Interventions For Stress and Well-Being: Addressing Process and Context. 2012:285.

21. AZAD ME, GHOLAMI FM. Reliability and validity assessment for the HSE job stress questionnaire. 2011.

22. Motamedzade M. Investigating the Status of Factors Leading to Job Stress According to ILO Checkpoint in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. 2018.

23. HOSSEINI M, NASIRIPOUR A, POUR NA. A Study Upon the Effect of Training the Skills of Coping with Stress in Occupation Function of Health Care Providers (BEHVARZAN) in Ilam Township, 2014. 2016.

24. RAFIEIAN M, JAMSHIDI A, HASANZADEH A, SHEIKHI M. Investigating of Job Burnout among Health Workers in health houses of Esfahan 1health center in 2013. 2015.

25. DARVISHI E, SADEGHI F, SAED PK. Evaluation of effective factors on occupational stress in firefighting personnel. 2015.

26. HOSEINZADEH E, FAGHIH MA, KALTE HO, ROSHANAEI G, TAGHAVI M. Evaluation of occupational stress factors in firefighters of Tehran in 2011. 2013.

27. Chiriac V-F, Baban A, Dumitrascu DL. Psychological stress and breast cancer incidence: a systematic review. Clujul Medical. 2018;91(1):18.

28. Moreno-Smith M, Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK. Impact of stress on cancer metastasis. Future oncology. 2010;6(12):1863-81.

29. Soung NK, Kim BY. Psychological stress and cancer. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology. 2015;6(1):30.

30. Yari S, Asadi AF, Nourmohammadi M. Occupational and Environmental Cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer. 2018;1(1).

31. Yari S, Asadi AF, Jarrahi AM, Nourmohammadi M. CARcinogen EXposure: CAREX. Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer. 2018;1(1).